ShardingSphere JDBC has been validated for availability under GraalVM Native Image.
Build GraalVM Native containing Maven dependencies of org.apache.shardingsphere:shardingsphere-jdbc:${shardingsphere.version}
Image, you need to resort to GraalVM Native Build Tools. GraalVM Native Build Tools provides Maven Plugin and Gradle Plugin
to simplify long list of shell commands for GraalVM CE’s native-image command line tool.
ShardingSphere JDBC requires GraalVM Native Image to be built with GraalVM CE as follows or higher. Users can quickly switch
JDK through SDKMAN!. Same reason applicable to downstream distributions of GraalVM CE such as https://sdkman.io/jdks#graal ,
https://sdkman.io/jdks#nik and https://sdkman.io/jdks#mandrel .
22.0.2-graalce of SDKMAN!Users can still use the old versions of GraalVM CE such as 21.0.2-graalce on SDKMAN! to build the GraalVM Native Image product of ShardingSphere.
However, this will cause the failure of building the GraalVM Native Image when integrating some third-party dependencies.
A typical example is related to the org.apache.hive:hive-jdbc:4.0.0 HiveServer2 JDBC Driver, which uses AWT-related classes.
GraalVM CE only supports AWT for GraalVM CE For JDK22 and higher versions.
com.sun.beans.introspect.ClassInfo was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.sun.beans.introspect.ClassInfo got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.sun.beans.introspect.ClassInfo
java.beans.Introspector was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why java.beans.Introspector got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=java.beans.Introspector
com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind$2 was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind$2 got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind$2
com.sun.beans.TypeResolver was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.sun.beans.TypeResolver got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.sun.beans.TypeResolver
java.beans.ThreadGroupContext was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why java.beans.ThreadGroupContext got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=java.beans.ThreadGroupContext
com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind
com.sun.beans.introspect.MethodInfo was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.sun.beans.introspect.MethodInfo got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.sun.beans.introspect.MethodInfo
com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind$1 was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind$1 got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind$1
com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind$3 was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind$3 got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.sun.beans.util.Cache$Kind$3
Users need to actively use the GraalVM Reachability Metadata central repository. The following configuration is for reference to configure additional Maven Profiles for the project, and the documentation of GraalVM Native Build Tools shall prevail.
<project>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>shardingsphere-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${shardingsphere.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
<artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.10.2</version>
<extensions>true</extensions>
<configuration>
<buildArgs>
<buildArg>-H:+AddAllCharsets</buildArg>
</buildArgs>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>build-native</id>
<goals>
<goal>compile-no-fork</goal>
</goals>
<phase>package</phase>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>test-native</id>
<goals>
<goal>test</goal>
</goals>
<phase>test</phase>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Users need to actively use the GraalVM Reachability Metadata central repository. The following configuration is for reference to configure additional Gradle Tasks for the project, and the documentation of GraalVM Native Build Tools shall prevail. Due to the limitations of Gradle 8.6, users need to introduce the JSON file of Metadata Repository through Maven dependency. Reference https://github.com/graalvm/native-build-tools/issues/572 .
plugins {
id 'org.graalvm.buildtools.native' version '0.10.2'
}
dependencies {
implementation 'org.apache.shardingsphere:shardingsphere-jdbc:${shardingsphere.version}'
implementation(group: 'org.graalvm.buildtools', name: 'graalvm-reachability-metadata', version: '0.10.2', classifier: 'repository', ext: 'zip')
}
graalvmNative {
binaries {
main {
buildArgs.add('-H:+AddAllCharsets')
}
test {
buildArgs.add('-H:+AddAllCharsets')
}
}
metadataRepository {
enabled.set(false)
}
}
Such requirements require opening additional issues at https://github.com/graalvm/native-build-tools and providing the Plugin implementation of the corresponding build tool.
org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.algorithm.sharding.inline.InlineShardingAlgorithmorg.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.algorithm.sharding.inline.ComplexInlineShardingAlgorithmorg.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.algorithm.sharding.hint.HintInlineShardingAlgorithmFor general cases, users can simulate the behavior of GroovyShell by themselves through the CLASS_BASE algorithm. For example,
take the following configuration.
rules:
- !SHARDING
defaultDatabaseStrategy:
standard:
shardingColumn: user_id
shardingAlgorithmName: inline
shardingAlgorithms:
inline:
type: INLINE
props:
algorithm-expression: ds_${user_id % 2}
allow-range-query-with-inline-sharding: false
You can first define the implementation class of CLASS_BASE.
package org.example.test;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.api.sharding.standard.PreciseShardingValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.api.sharding.standard.RangeShardingValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.api.sharding.standard.StandardShardingAlgorithm;
import java.util.Collection;
public final class TestShardingAlgorithmFixture implements StandardShardingAlgorithm<Integer> {
@Override
public String doSharding(final Collection<String> availableTargetNames, final PreciseShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
String resultDatabaseName = "ds_" + shardingValue.getValue() % 2;
for (String each : availableTargetNames) {
if (each.equals(resultDatabaseName)) {
return each;
}
}
return null;
}
@Override
public Collection<String> doSharding(final Collection<String> availableTargetNames, final RangeShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
throw new RuntimeException("This algorithm class does not support range queries.");
}
}
Modify the relevant YAML configuration as follows.
rules:
- !SHARDING
defaultDatabaseStrategy:
standard:
shardingColumn: user_id
shardingAlgorithmName: inline
shardingAlgorithms:
inline:
type: CLASS_BASED
props:
strategy: STANDARD
algorithmClassName: org.example.test.TestShardingAlgorithmFixture
Add the following content to src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image/exmaple-test-metadata/reflect-config.json to used
normally under GraalVM Native Image.
[
{
"name":"org.example.test.TestShardingAlgorithmFixture",
"methods":[{"name":"<init>","parameterTypes":[] }]
}
]
ReadWrite Splitting feature, you need to use other implementations of Row Value Expressions SPI to configure
logic database name, writeDataSourceName and readDataSourceNames when bypassing calls to GroovyShell.
One possible configuration is to use the Row Value Expressions SPI implementation of LITERAL.rules:
- !READWRITE_SPLITTING
dataSourceGroups:
<LITERAL>readwrite_ds:
writeDataSourceName: <LITERAL>ds_0
readDataSourceNames:
- <LITERAL>ds_1
- <LITERAL>ds_2
The same applies to actualDataNodes for the Sharding feature.
- !SHARDING
tables:
t_order:
actualDataNodes: <LITERAL>ds_0.t_order_0, ds_0.t_order_1, ds_1.t_order_0, ds_1.t_order_1
keyGenerateStrategy:
column: order_id
keyGeneratorName: snowflake
Users still need to configure GraalVM Reachability Metadata for independent files in the src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image
folder or src/test/resources/META-INF/native-image folder. Users can quickly collect GraalVM Reachability Metadata through
the GraalVM Tracing Agent of GraalVM Native Build Tools.
Maven modules such as com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc, represented by the JDBC Driver of MS SQL Server,
will dynamically load different character sets based on the encoding used in the database, which is unpredictable behavior.
When encountering the following Error, users need to add the buildArg of -H:+AddAllCharsets to the configuration of GraalVM Native Build Tools.
Caused by: java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException: Codepage Cp1252 is not supported by the Java environment.
com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.Encoding.checkSupported(SQLCollation.java:572)
com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLCollation$SortOrder.getEncoding(SQLCollation.java:473)
com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLCollation.encodingFromSortId(SQLCollation.java:501)
[...]
org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.xa.jta.datasource.swapper.DataSourceSwapper#loadXADataSource(String) will instantiate the javax.sql.XADataSource implementation class of each database driver through java.lang.Class#getDeclaredConstructors.javax.sql.XADataSource implementation class of each database driver is stored in the metadata of ShardingSphere by implementing the SPI of org.apache.shardingsphere.transaction.xa.jta.datasource.properties.XADataSourceDefinition.In the GraalVM Native Image, this actually requires the definition of the GraalVM Reachability Metadata of the third-party dependencies,
while ShardingSphere itself only provides the corresponding GraalVM Reachability Metadata for com.h2database:h2.
GraalVM Reachability Metadata of other database drivers such as com.mysql:mysql-connector-j should be defined by themselves,
or the corresponding JSON should be submitted to https://github.com/oracle/graalvm-reachability-metadata .
Take the com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlXADataSource class of com.mysql:mysql-connector-j:9.0.0 as an example,
which is the implementation of javax.sql.XADataSource of MySQL JDBC Driver.
Users need to define the following JSON in the reflect-config.json file in the /META-INF/native-image/com.mysql/mysql-connector-j/9.0.0/ folder of their own project’s claapath,
to define the constructor of com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlXADataSource inside the GraalVM Native Image.
[
{
"condition":{"typeReachable":"com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlXADataSource"},
"name":"com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlXADataSource",
"allDeclaredConstructors": true
}
]
io.seata:seata-all:1.8.0 version to avoid using the ByteBuddy Java API,
and exclude the outdated Maven dependency of org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.8 in io.seata:seata-all:1.8.0.
Possible configuration examples are as follows,<project>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>shardingsphere-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${shardingsphere.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>shardingsphere-transaction-base-seata-at</artifactId>
<version>${shardingsphere.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<version>1.8.0</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.antlr</groupId>
<artifactId>antlr4-runtime</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
http.
In principle, ShardingSphere’s GraalVM Native Image integration does not want to use com.clickhouse:clickhouse-jdbc with classifier all,
because Uber Jar will cause the collection of duplicate GraalVM Reachability Metadata.
Possible configuration examples are as follows,<project>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>shardingsphere-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${shardingsphere.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>shardingsphere-parser-sql-clickhouse</artifactId>
<version>${shardingsphere.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.clickhouse</groupId>
<artifactId>clickhouse-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>0.6.3</version>
<classifier>http</classifier>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
ClickHouse does not support local transactions, XA transactions, and Seata AT mode transactions at the ShardingSphere integration level. More discussion is at https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-docs/issues/2300 .
The verification of ShardingSphere’s availability under GraalVM Native Image is completed through the Maven Plugin subproject
of GraalVM Native Build Tools. By running the unit test under the JVM, label the unit test with junit-platform-unique-ids*,
and then build it as GraalVM Native Image for nativeTest to test Unit Test Coverage under GraalVM Native Image.
Please do not use io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.5.4 and some third-party test libraries, they are in test listener
mode failed to discover tests.
ShardingSphere defines the Maven Module of shardingsphere-test-native to provide a small subset of unit tests for native Test.
This subset of unit tests avoids the use of third-party libraries such as Mockito that are not available under native Test.
ShardingSphere defines the Maven Profile of nativeTestInShardingSphere for executing nativeTest for the shardingsphere-test-native module.
Assuming that the contributor is under a new Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS instance, Contributors can manage the JDK and tool chain through
SDKMAN! through the following bash command, and execute nativeTest for the shardingsphere-test-native submodule.
You must install Docker Engine to execute testcontainers-java related unit tests.
sudo apt install unzip zip curl sed -y
curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash
source "$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh"
sdk install java 22.0.2-graalce
sdk use java 22.0.2-graalce
sudo apt-get install build-essential zlib1g-dev -y
git clone git@github.com:apache/shardingsphere.git
cd ./shardingsphere/
./mvnw -PnativeTestInShardingSphere -T1C -e clean test
When contributors discover that GraalVM Reachability Metadata is missing for a third-party library not related to ShardingSphere,
they should open a new issue and submit PR containing the missing third-party library GraalVM Reachability Metadata that depends
on https://github.com/oracle/graalvm-reachability-metadata . ShardingSphere actively hosts the GraalVM Reachability Metadata of
some third-party libraries in the shardingsphere-infra-reachability-metadata submodule.
If nativeTest execution fails, preliminary GraalVM Reachability Metadata should be generated for unit tests,
and manually adjust the contents of the META-INF/native-image/org.apache.shardingsphere/shardingsphere-infra-reachability-metadata folder on the classpath of the shardingsphere-infra-reachability-metadata submodule to fix nativeTest.
If necessary,
use the org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.DisabledInNativeImage annotation or the org.graalvm.nativeimage.imagecode System Property blocks some unit tests from running under GraalVM Native Image.
ShardingSphere defines the Maven Profile of generateMetadata to carry the GraalVM Tracing Agent under the GraalVM JIT Compiler to perform unit testing,
and generate or overwrite existing GraalVM Reachability Metadata files in the META-INF/native-image/org.apache.shardingsphere/generated-reachability-metadata/ folder of the classpath of the shardingsphere-infra-reachability-metadata submodule.
This process can be easily handled with the following bash command.
Contributors may still need to manually adjust specific JSON entries and adjust the Filter chain of Maven Profile and GraalVM Tracing Agent as appropriate.
For the shardingsphere-infra-reachability-metadata submodule,
manually added, deleted, and changed JSON entries should be located in the META-INF/native-image/org.apache.shardingsphere/shardingsphere-infra-reachability-metadata/ folder,
entries in META-INF/native-image/org.apache.shardingsphere/generated-reachability-metadata/ should only be generated by the Maven Profile of generateMetadata.
The following command is only an example of using shardingsphere-test-native to generate GraalVM Reachability Metadata in Conditional form.
Generated GraalVM Reachability Metadata is located under the shardingsphere-infra-reachability-metadata submodule.
For GraalVM Reachability Metadata to be used independently by test classes and test files,
contributors should place it on the classpath of the shardingsphere-test-native submodule META-INF/native-image/shardingsphere-test-native-test-metadata/.
git clone git@github.com:apache/shardingsphere.git
cd ./shardingsphere/
./mvnw -PgenerateMetadata -DskipNativeTests -e -T1C clean test native:metadata-copy